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Instrumentation varied by mission, with the goals of pinpointing observation points (geodetic control stations) in a three-dimensional Earth center-of-mass coordinate system to within 10 m, determining the structure of Earth's gravity field to five parts in 10 million, defining the structure of Earth's irregular gravitational field and refining the locations and strengths of large gravity anomalies, and comparing results of the various systems onboard the spacecraft to determine the most accurate and reliable system."],"obsolete":false,"matchType":"prefLabel","ontologyType":"ONTOLOGY","@id":"https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/608e831d-f722-4a97-b173-a308d7bc6dd2","@type":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","links":{"self":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F608e831d-f722-4a97-b173-a308d7bc6dd2","ontology":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD","children":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F608e831d-f722-4a97-b173-a308d7bc6dd2/children","parents":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F608e831d-f722-4a97-b173-a308d7bc6dd2/parents","descendants":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F608e831d-f722-4a97-b173-a308d7bc6dd2/descendants","ancestors":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F608e831d-f722-4a97-b173-a308d7bc6dd2/ancestors","instances":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F608e831d-f722-4a97-b173-a308d7bc6dd2/instances","tree":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F608e831d-f722-4a97-b173-a308d7bc6dd2/tree","notes":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F608e831d-f722-4a97-b173-a308d7bc6dd2/notes","mappings":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F608e831d-f722-4a97-b173-a308d7bc6dd2/mappings","ui":"http://earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD?p=classes&conceptid=https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F608e831d-f722-4a97-b173-a308d7bc6dd2","@context":{"self":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","ontology":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Ontology","children":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","parents":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","descendants":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","ancestors":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","instances":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Instance","tree":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","notes":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Note","mappings":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Mapping","ui":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class"}},"@context":{"@vocab":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/","prefLabel":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel","definition":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition","obsolete":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#deprecated","@language":"en"}},{"prefLabel":"SASS","definition":["A scatterometer provides the backscatter cross-section as a function ofincidence angle for the area under observation.  In the case of the SASS, themain interest was in measuring the ocean surface backscatter as a means toderive the surface wind vector.  The physical basis for this technique is thatthe strength of the radar backscatter is proportional to the amplitude of thesurface capillary waves (Bragg scattering), which in turn is related the windspeed near the surface.  Moreover, the radar backscatter is anisotropic,allowing the wind direction to be derived from backscatter measurements atdifferent azimuth angles. In practice, however, there was normally a fourfoldambiguity in the wind direction that had to be resolved  manually.The SASS operated at a frequency of 14.6 GHz (or 2.0 cm).  It incorporated fourdual-polarized fan beam antennas, two radiating +/- 45 degrees forward and two,+/- 45 degrees aft, which produced an X-shaped pattern of illumination on thesurface.Global measurements of the surface wind velocity over the seas were obtainedfrom SASS at least once every 36 hours with the high latitudes being coveredmore frequently.  The resolution of the instrument was 50 km and the gridspacing of the output data product, 100 km.___________Taken from:Elachi,C., 'Microwave and Infrared Satellite Remote Sensors,' in MANUAL OFREMOTE SENSING, edited by R.N.Colwell, pp 571-650, American Society ofPhotogrammetry, Sheridan Press, Falls Church, Virginia, 1983. ISBN 0-937294-41Cornillon, P., A GUIDE TO ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE DATA, Graduate School ofOceanography, U. Rhode Island, Technical Report 79, 1982._________See Also:Special Issue on the SEASAT-1 Sensors, IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING,Vol. OE-5, No.2, 1980.Additional information on the SEASAT-1 spacecraft and the sensor available at'http://nsidc.org/data/docs/daac/seasat_platform.gd.html'Group: Instrument_Details   Entry_ID: SASS   Group: Instrument_Identification      Instrument_Category: Earth Remote Sensing Instruments      Instrument_Class: Active Remote Sensing      Instrument_Type: Scatterometers      Short_Name: SASS      Long_Name: SEASAT-A Scatterometer System   End_Group   Group: Associated_Platforms      Short_Name: SEASAT 1   End_Group   Online_Resource: http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentDisplay.do?id=1978-064A-03End_Group"],"obsolete":false,"matchType":"prefLabel","ontologyType":"ONTOLOGY","@id":"https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/06286aad-e656-4a8c-bc43-ffc2a1fdd281","@type":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","links":{"self":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F06286aad-e656-4a8c-bc43-ffc2a1fdd281","ontology":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD","children":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F06286aad-e656-4a8c-bc43-ffc2a1fdd281/children","parents":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F06286aad-e656-4a8c-bc43-ffc2a1fdd281/parents","descendants":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F06286aad-e656-4a8c-bc43-ffc2a1fdd281/descendants","ancestors":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F06286aad-e656-4a8c-bc43-ffc2a1fdd281/ancestors","instances":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F06286aad-e656-4a8c-bc43-ffc2a1fdd281/instances","tree":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F06286aad-e656-4a8c-bc43-ffc2a1fdd281/tree","notes":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F06286aad-e656-4a8c-bc43-ffc2a1fdd281/notes","mappings":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F06286aad-e656-4a8c-bc43-ffc2a1fdd281/mappings","ui":"http://earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD?p=classes&conceptid=https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F06286aad-e656-4a8c-bc43-ffc2a1fdd281","@context":{"self":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","ontology":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Ontology","children":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","parents":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","descendants":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","ancestors":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","instances":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Instance","tree":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","notes":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Note","mappings":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Mapping","ui":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class"}},"@context":{"@vocab":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/","prefLabel":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel","definition":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition","obsolete":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#deprecated","@language":"en"}},{"prefLabel":"EarthCARE","definition":["The EarthCARE satellite will carry four instruments for observations of clouds and aerosols with four synergistic sensing methodologies.The three-axis stabilised satellite platform was designed to accommodate the four instruments, which need unobstructed and very accurately collocated views of Earth as well as unobstructed views for solar calibration of the passive instruments.The satellite design meets these challenges by employing a fully customised carbon fibre-based platform with the radar, lidar and startrackers (used for determining the satellite’s attitude) positioned as close together as possible, thereby minimising alignment errors.The satellite is dominated by the large Cloud Profiling Radar (CPR) antenna, which is 2.5 m across. The long trailing solar panel at the rear gives the satellite an overall length of 19 m. The solar panel is made up of five sections and covers an area of 21 sq m and, at the satellite’s low orbital altitude, helps minimise atmospheric drag.EarthCARE will orbit Earth at an altitude of around 393 km. The altitude needs to be as low as possible to optimise the use of the lidar and radar, but not too low where atmospheric drag would impact fuel consumption and the life of the mission.Since global coverage is required, EarthCARE’s orbit is near-polar. It crosses the equator in the early afternoon, providing optimal illumination and minimal sun glint for the passive instruments.The system’s power demand is significant. The two active instruments, the Atmospheric Lidar (ATLID) and the CPR, require 2500 W.The size of the satellite (with solar panel and CPR antenna stowed for launch) and its mass of about 2000 kg plus fuel makes it compatible with both Soyuz and Zenit launchers."],"obsolete":false,"matchType":"prefLabel","ontologyType":"ONTOLOGY","@id":"https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/bf66ef8c-acc5-4c2f-b519-db0cbee37c99","@type":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","links":{"self":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2Fbf66ef8c-acc5-4c2f-b519-db0cbee37c99","ontology":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD","children":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2Fbf66ef8c-acc5-4c2f-b519-db0cbee37c99/children","parents":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2Fbf66ef8c-acc5-4c2f-b519-db0cbee37c99/parents","descendants":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2Fbf66ef8c-acc5-4c2f-b519-db0cbee37c99/descendants","ancestors":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2Fbf66ef8c-acc5-4c2f-b519-db0cbee37c99/ancestors","instances":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2Fbf66ef8c-acc5-4c2f-b519-db0cbee37c99/instances","tree":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2Fbf66ef8c-acc5-4c2f-b519-db0cbee37c99/tree","notes":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2Fbf66ef8c-acc5-4c2f-b519-db0cbee37c99/notes","mappings":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2Fbf66ef8c-acc5-4c2f-b519-db0cbee37c99/mappings","ui":"http://earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD?p=classes&conceptid=https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2Fbf66ef8c-acc5-4c2f-b519-db0cbee37c99","@context":{"self":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","ontology":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Ontology","children":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","parents":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","descendants":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","ancestors":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","instances":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Instance","tree":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","notes":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Note","mappings":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Mapping","ui":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class"}},"@context":{"@vocab":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/","prefLabel":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel","definition":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition","obsolete":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#deprecated","@language":"en"}},{"prefLabel":"HUMAN DIMENSIONS","definition":["The area of Earth Science that focuses on the human interactions and impacts in the environment (e.g., natural hazards, human impacts, social behavior) and related disciplines including population, infrastructure, public health, and economic resources."],"obsolete":false,"matchType":"prefLabel","ontologyType":"ONTOLOGY","@id":"https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/fb93d937-c17c-45d0-a9e3-ca5c8a800ca8","@type":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","links":{"self":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2Ffb93d937-c17c-45d0-a9e3-ca5c8a800ca8","ontology":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD","children":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2Ffb93d937-c17c-45d0-a9e3-ca5c8a800ca8/children","parents":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2Ffb93d937-c17c-45d0-a9e3-ca5c8a800ca8/parents","descendants":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2Ffb93d937-c17c-45d0-a9e3-ca5c8a800ca8/descendants","ancestors":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2Ffb93d937-c17c-45d0-a9e3-ca5c8a800ca8/ancestors","instances":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2Ffb93d937-c17c-45d0-a9e3-ca5c8a800ca8/instances","tree":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2Ffb93d937-c17c-45d0-a9e3-ca5c8a800ca8/tree","notes":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2Ffb93d937-c17c-45d0-a9e3-ca5c8a800ca8/notes","mappings":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2Ffb93d937-c17c-45d0-a9e3-ca5c8a800ca8/mappings","ui":"http://earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD?p=classes&conceptid=https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2Ffb93d937-c17c-45d0-a9e3-ca5c8a800ca8","@context":{"self":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","ontology":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Ontology","children":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","parents":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","descendants":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","ancestors":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","instances":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Instance","tree":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","notes":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Note","mappings":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Mapping","ui":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class"}},"@context":{"@vocab":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/","prefLabel":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel","definition":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition","obsolete":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#deprecated","@language":"en"}},{"prefLabel":"RADIOASTRON","definition":["The RadioAstron project is an international collaborative mission centred around the Spektr-R satellite, which was launched in July 2011, carrying a 10-m space radio telescope (SRT) into an elliptical Earth orbit. The aim of the mission is to use the space telescope for radio astronomical observations using Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) techniques in conjunction with ground-based VLBI networks located in Australia, China, Europe, India, Japan, Korea, Russia, South Africa, Ukraine, and the USA. The orbit of the RadioAstron satellite evolves with time and has an apogee between 280,000 and 350,000 km, a perigee between 1,500 and 80,000 km, a period of 8 to 9 days, and an initial inclination of 51 degrees. RadioAstron operates at the standard radio astronomical wavelengths of 1.19–1.63 cm (K-band), 6.2 cm (C-band), 18 cm (L-band), and 92 cm (P-band). The space to ground VLBI observations using RadioAstron are providing morphological information on galactic and extragalactic radio sources with fringe size as small as 7 microarcseconds at the highest frequency. This is the highest angular resolution ever achieved by any astronomical instrument. The RadioAstron mission began with an In-Orbit-Checkout (IOC) commissioning period. The first part of the IOC included an engineering commissioning with a spacecraft bus checkout, the unfolding of the space radio telescope, receiver checks and tests of the radio astronomy antenna in single-dish mode (bore-sighting), and communication tests with the tracking stations. The second part of the IOC was a scientific commissioning phase that consisted of VLBI tests using the space radio telescope science payload in conjunction with a number of large ground radio telescopes. Fringes were found at all four bands of 92, 18, 6, and 1.3 cm. This IOC phase smoothly transitioned into a scientific verification phase — the Early Science Program (ESP) — in February 2012, continuing to June 2013. The ESP objectives were designed to provide a bridge between the initial “experimental” mode of operations, observing, and data processing, and the “routine” operations that started after completion of the ESP. Observing time with the RadioAstron was committed for ESP observations, and these were coordinated by Working Groups on Active Galactic Nuclei, masers, and pulsars. The RadioAstron mission has subsequently released two Announcements of Opportunity soliciting proposals from the international astronomy community. The AO-1 period runs from July 2013 to June 2014, with the AO-2 period starting in July 2014 and running for one year. The AO-1 period focused on seven Key Science Projects, designed to optimize the science return from a time-limited mission: the AO-2 period has additionally been opened to smaller Guest Observing Time proposals. This presentation will outline the elements of the RadioAstron project — satellite, tracking stations, ground radio telescopes, orbit determination, and correlators. It will describe a number of key results obtained to date. This includes the measurements of very high AGN brightness temperatures which strain conventional models of synchrotron radiation and Doppler boosting, and the detection of quasars, pulsars and masers large projected spacings up to more than 250,000 km. A particularly surprising result has been the unexpected detection of 92 cm fringes from the pulsar B0950+08 at spacings up to 220,000 km with unanticipated important implications for the nature of plasma inhomogeneities and turbulence in the interstellar medium. The RadioAstron project is led by the Astro Space Center of the Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Lavochkin Scientific and Production Association under a contract with the Russian Federal Space Agency, in collaboration with partner organizations in Russia and other 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Wave Detectors","definition":["A 'radio wave detector' in space is called a radio telescope; it's a specialized antenna and receiver designed to detect radio waves emitted from astronomical objects like stars, galaxies, and nebulae, allowing astronomers to study the universe in the radio frequency portion of the electromagnetic 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Source: NASA Science Missions Directorate Homepage, https://pmm.nasa.gov/GPM ]GPM Constellation is a joint mission with the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and other international partners. Building upon the success of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), it will initiate the measurement of global precipitation, a key climate factor. Its science objectives are: to improve ongoing efforts to predict climate by providing near-global measurement of precipitation, its distribution, and physical processes; to improve the accuracy of weather and precipitation forecasts through more accurate measurement of rain rates and latent heating; and to provide more frequent and complete sampling of the Earth's precipitation. GPM Constellation is envisioned to consist of a core spacecraft to measure precipitation structure and to provide a calibration standard for the constellation spacecraft, an international constellation of NASA and contributed spacecraft to provide frequent precipitation measurements on a global basis, calibration/validation sites distributed globally with a broad array of precipitation-measuring instrumentation, and a global precipitation data system to produce and distribute global rain maps and climate research products.The GPM Core Observatory carries the first space-borne Ku/Ka-band Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) and a multi-channel GPM Microwave Imager (GMI). The DPR instrument, which provides three dimensional measurements of precipitation structure over 78 and 152 mile (125 and 245 km) swaths, consists of a Ka-band precipitation radar (KaPR) operating at 35.5 GHz and a Ku-band precipitation radar (KuPR) operating at 13.6 GHz. Relative to the TRMM precipitation radar, the DPR is more sensitive to light rain rates and snowfall. In addition, simultaneous measurements by the overlapping of Ka/Ku-bands of the DPR can provide new information on particle drop size distributions over moderate precipitation intensities. In addition, by providing new microphysical measurements from the DPR to complement cloud and aerosol observations, GPM is expected to provide further insights into how precipitation processes may be affected by human activities.The GMI instrument is a conical-scanning multi-channel microwave radiometer covering a swath of 550 miles (885 km) with thirteen channels ranging in frequency from 10 GHz to 183 GHz. The GMI uses a set of frequencies that have been optimized over the past two decades to retrieve heavy, moderate and light precipitation using the polarization difference at each channel as an indicator of the optical thickness and water content.Group: Platform_Details   Entry_ID: GPM   Group: Platform_Identification      Platform_Category: Earth Observation Satellites      Short_Name: GPM      Long_Name: Global Precipitation Measurement   End_Group   Group: Platform_Associated_Instruments      Short_Name: GMI      Short_Name: DPR   End_Group   Group: Orbit      Orbit_Type: LEO > Low Earth Orbit > Polar Non-Sun-Synchronous   End_Group   Creation_Date: 2009-02-25   Online_Resource: https://pmm.nasa.gov/GPM   Online_Resource: http://global.jaxa.jp/projects/sat/gpm/index.html   Online_Resource: http://www.eorc.jaxa.jp/GPM/index_e.htm   Group: Platform_Logistics      Launch_Date: 2014-01-25      Launch_Site: TANEGASHIMA ISLAND, JAPAN      Primary_Sponsor: USA/NASA      Primary_Sponsor: JAPAN/JAXA   End_GroupEnd_Group"],"obsolete":false,"matchType":"prefLabel","ontologyType":"ONTOLOGY","@id":"https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/33a893cb-b328-462e-9cb0-d8c27823239e","@type":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","links":{"self":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F33a893cb-b328-462e-9cb0-d8c27823239e","ontology":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD","children":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F33a893cb-b328-462e-9cb0-d8c27823239e/children","parents":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F33a893cb-b328-462e-9cb0-d8c27823239e/parents","descendants":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F33a893cb-b328-462e-9cb0-d8c27823239e/descendants","ancestors":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F33a893cb-b328-462e-9cb0-d8c27823239e/ancestors","instances":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F33a893cb-b328-462e-9cb0-d8c27823239e/instances","tree":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F33a893cb-b328-462e-9cb0-d8c27823239e/tree","notes":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F33a893cb-b328-462e-9cb0-d8c27823239e/notes","mappings":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F33a893cb-b328-462e-9cb0-d8c27823239e/mappings","ui":"http://earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD?p=classes&conceptid=https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F33a893cb-b328-462e-9cb0-d8c27823239e","@context":{"self":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","ontology":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Ontology","children":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","parents":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","descendants":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","ancestors":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","instances":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Instance","tree":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","notes":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Note","mappings":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Mapping","ui":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class"}},"@context":{"@vocab":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/","prefLabel":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel","definition":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition","obsolete":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#deprecated","@language":"en"}},{"prefLabel":"NPOESS (National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System )","definition":["The National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) was a joint program of the Air Force, NOAA, and NASA. Its polar-orbiting satellites were to provide long-term systematic measurements of key environmental variables for weather forecasting as well as climate studies. In February 2010, NPOESS was split into two programs. The Air Force-managed component will build satellites for the morning orbit, serving military needs. 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The outer layer is Spectra 1000 braid for strength, the core is acrylic yarn which will puff the other braid out to the 2 millimeter diameter and give it a larger cross section to improve its resistance to debris and small micrometeoroids."],"obsolete":false,"matchType":"prefLabel","ontologyType":"ONTOLOGY","@id":"https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/4d26aa19-f66c-4331-b226-fc9f8e91d52c","@type":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","links":{"self":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F4d26aa19-f66c-4331-b226-fc9f8e91d52c","ontology":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD","children":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F4d26aa19-f66c-4331-b226-fc9f8e91d52c/children","parents":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F4d26aa19-f66c-4331-b226-fc9f8e91d52c/parents","descendants":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F4d26aa19-f66c-4331-b226-fc9f8e91d52c/descendants","ancestors":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F4d26aa19-f66c-4331-b226-fc9f8e91d52c/ancestors","instances":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F4d26aa19-f66c-4331-b226-fc9f8e91d52c/instances","tree":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F4d26aa19-f66c-4331-b226-fc9f8e91d52c/tree","notes":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F4d26aa19-f66c-4331-b226-fc9f8e91d52c/notes","mappings":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F4d26aa19-f66c-4331-b226-fc9f8e91d52c/mappings","ui":"http://earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD?p=classes&conceptid=https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F4d26aa19-f66c-4331-b226-fc9f8e91d52c","@context":{"self":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","ontology":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Ontology","children":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","parents":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","descendants":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","ancestors":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","instances":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Instance","tree":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","notes":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Note","mappings":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Mapping","ui":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class"}},"@context":{"@vocab":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/","prefLabel":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel","definition":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition","obsolete":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#deprecated","@language":"en"}},{"prefLabel":"PASSCAL","definition":["Program for Array Seismic Studies of the Continental Lithosphere (PASSCAL) is one of two major instrumentation programs of IRIS (the other being the Global Seismic Network or GSN). PASSCALoperates a pool of over 400 portable seismic instruments to record active source reflection data, active source refraction data or natural source recordings of earthquakes. The instrumentation is housed and supported by an instrument center at New Mexico Tech, Socorro, New Mexico."],"obsolete":false,"matchType":"prefLabel","ontologyType":"ONTOLOGY","@id":"https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/c0872e6c-ddab-43b9-a892-1b8c5ba23f4e","@type":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","links":{"self":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2Fc0872e6c-ddab-43b9-a892-1b8c5ba23f4e","ontology":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD","children":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2Fc0872e6c-ddab-43b9-a892-1b8c5ba23f4e/children","parents":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2Fc0872e6c-ddab-43b9-a892-1b8c5ba23f4e/parents","descendants":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2Fc0872e6c-ddab-43b9-a892-1b8c5ba23f4e/descendants","ancestors":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2Fc0872e6c-ddab-43b9-a892-1b8c5ba23f4e/ancestors","instances":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2Fc0872e6c-ddab-43b9-a892-1b8c5ba23f4e/instances","tree":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2Fc0872e6c-ddab-43b9-a892-1b8c5ba23f4e/tree","notes":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2Fc0872e6c-ddab-43b9-a892-1b8c5ba23f4e/notes","mappings":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2Fc0872e6c-ddab-43b9-a892-1b8c5ba23f4e/mappings","ui":"http://earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD?p=classes&conceptid=https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2Fc0872e6c-ddab-43b9-a892-1b8c5ba23f4e","@context":{"self":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","ontology":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Ontology","children":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","parents":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","descendants":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","ancestors":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","instances":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Instance","tree":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","notes":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Note","mappings":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Mapping","ui":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class"}},"@context":{"@vocab":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/","prefLabel":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel","definition":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition","obsolete":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#deprecated","@language":"en"}},{"prefLabel":"In Situ/Laboratory Instruments","definition":["Instruments that measure a phenomenon exactly in place where it occurs (i.e. without moving it to some special medium). Laboratory instruments refer to the various tools and equipment used by scientists working in a laboratory.   Group: Instrument_Details   Entry_ID: In Situ/Laboratory Instruments   Group: Instrument_Identification      Instrument_Category: In Situ/Laboratory Instruments      Short_Name: In Situ/Laboratory Instruments   End_GroupEnd_Group"],"obsolete":false,"matchType":"prefLabel","ontologyType":"ONTOLOGY","@id":"https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/ff564c87-78f2-47eb-a857-a4bdc0a71ae5","@type":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","links":{"self":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2Fff564c87-78f2-47eb-a857-a4bdc0a71ae5","ontology":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD","children":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2Fff564c87-78f2-47eb-a857-a4bdc0a71ae5/children","parents":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2Fff564c87-78f2-47eb-a857-a4bdc0a71ae5/parents","descendants":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2Fff564c87-78f2-47eb-a857-a4bdc0a71ae5/descendants","ancestors":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2Fff564c87-78f2-47eb-a857-a4bdc0a71ae5/ancestors","instances":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2Fff564c87-78f2-47eb-a857-a4bdc0a71ae5/instances","tree":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2Fff564c87-78f2-47eb-a857-a4bdc0a71ae5/tree","notes":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2Fff564c87-78f2-47eb-a857-a4bdc0a71ae5/notes","mappings":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2Fff564c87-78f2-47eb-a857-a4bdc0a71ae5/mappings","ui":"http://earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD?p=classes&conceptid=https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2Fff564c87-78f2-47eb-a857-a4bdc0a71ae5","@context":{"self":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","ontology":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Ontology","children":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","parents":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","descendants":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","ancestors":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","instances":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Instance","tree":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","notes":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Note","mappings":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Mapping","ui":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class"}},"@context":{"@vocab":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/","prefLabel":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel","definition":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition","obsolete":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#deprecated","@language":"en"}},{"prefLabel":"RAPIDEYE","definition":["RapidEye is a commercial multispectral remote sensing satellite mission being designed and implemented by MDA for RapidEye AG. The RapidEye sensor images five optical bands in the 400-850nm range and provides 6.5m pixel size at nadir. Rapid delivery and short revisit times are provided through the use of a five-satellite constellation.It provides products for the following applications:-Agriculture - crop monitoring and mapping, yield prediction, etc.-Forestry - tree species separation, stem volume estimation, etc.-Security & Emergency - disaster management etc.-Energy & Infrastructure - pipeline monitoring, landcover classification etc.-Environment - change detection etc.-Cartography - satellite based maps, ortho photos, etc.-Other Markets - natural disaster assessment, 3D-visualization, etc.The satellites will be placed equally spaced in a single sun-synchronous orbit to ensure consistent imaging conditions and a short revisit time. The RapidEye system can access any area on Earth within a day and cover the entire agricultural areas of North America and Europe within five days.The RapidEye satellite platforms has been constructed by Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd (SSTL). [1] This makes RapidEye the second multiple-satellite imaging constellation that SSTL has been involved with, after building and launching the Disaster Monitoring Constellation.Group: Platform_Details   Entry_ID: RAPIDEYE   Group: Platform_Identification      Platform_Category: Earth Observation Satellites      Short_Name: RAPIDEYE      Long_Name: RapidEye   End_Group   Group: Orbit      Orbit_Altitude: 630 km      Orbit_Type: LEO > Low Earth Orbit > Polar Sun-Synchronous   End_Group   Creation_Date: 2008-08-11   Online_Resource: http://www.rapideye.de/   Online_Resource: http://www.rapideye.de/upload/documents/Standard_Image_Product_USLetter.pdf   Sample_Image: http://www.dappolonia-research.com/invesatwiki/images/thumb/180px-Rapid_Eye.jpg   Group: Platform_Logistics      Launch_Site: Baikonur Cosmodrome, Tyuratam, Russia      Primary_Sponsor: Germany   End_GroupEnd_Group"],"obsolete":false,"matchType":"prefLabel","ontologyType":"ONTOLOGY","@id":"https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/439293ac-ef6a-4f4c-a578-a57d504e783a","@type":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","links":{"self":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F439293ac-ef6a-4f4c-a578-a57d504e783a","ontology":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD","children":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F439293ac-ef6a-4f4c-a578-a57d504e783a/children","parents":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F439293ac-ef6a-4f4c-a578-a57d504e783a/parents","descendants":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F439293ac-ef6a-4f4c-a578-a57d504e783a/descendants","ancestors":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F439293ac-ef6a-4f4c-a578-a57d504e783a/ancestors","instances":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F439293ac-ef6a-4f4c-a578-a57d504e783a/instances","tree":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F439293ac-ef6a-4f4c-a578-a57d504e783a/tree","notes":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F439293ac-ef6a-4f4c-a578-a57d504e783a/notes","mappings":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F439293ac-ef6a-4f4c-a578-a57d504e783a/mappings","ui":"http://earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD?p=classes&conceptid=https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F439293ac-ef6a-4f4c-a578-a57d504e783a","@context":{"self":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","ontology":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Ontology","children":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","parents":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","descendants":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","ancestors":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","instances":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Instance","tree":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","notes":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Note","mappings":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Mapping","ui":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class"}},"@context":{"@vocab":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/","prefLabel":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel","definition":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition","obsolete":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#deprecated","@language":"en"}},{"prefLabel":"SEASAT 1","definition":["[Source NASA Space Science Data Center, http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-064A ]The Ocean Dynamics Satellite (Seasat 1) was designed to provide measurements of sea-surface winds, sea-surface temperatures, wave heights, internal waves, atmospheric liquid water content, sea ice features, ocean features, ocean topography, and the marine geoid. Seasat 1 provided 95% global coverage every 36 h. The instrument payload consisted of (1) an X-band compressed pulse radar altimeter (ALT), (2) a coherent synthetic aperture radar (SAR), (3) a Seasat-A scatterometer system (SASS), (4) a scanning multichannel microwave radiometer (SMMR), and (5) a visible and infrared radiometer (VIRR). The accuracies obtained were distance between spacecraft and ocean surface to 10 cm, wind speeds to 2 m/s, and surface temperatures to 1 deg C. For more information about Seasat 1, see 'Seasat mission overview,' Science, v. 204, pp. 1405-1424, 1979, and a special issue on the Seasat 1 sensors, IEEE J. of Oceanic Eng., v. OE-5, 1980. On October 10, 1978, Seasat 1 failed due to a massive short circuit in its electrical system. During most of its 105 days in orbit, Seasat 1 returned a unique and extensive set of observations of the earth's oceans.Group: Platform_Details   Entry_ID: SEASAT 1   Group: Platform_Identification      Platform_Category: Earth Observation Satellites      Short_Name: SEASAT 1      Long_Name: Ocean Dynamics Satellite   End_Group   Group: Synonymous_Platform_Names      Short_Name: Seasat-A      Short_Name: 10967   End_Group   Group: Platform_Associated_Instruments      Short_Name: LT (SEASAT 1)      Short_Name: VIRR      Short_Name: SMMR      Short_Name: SASS      Short_Name: SAR      Short_Name: ALT   End_Group   Group: Orbit      Orbit_Inclination: 108.0°      Period: 100.7 minutes      Perigee: 769.0 km      Apogee: 799.0 km   End_Group   Creation_Date: 2009-02-27   Online_Resource: http://southport.jpl.nasa.gov/scienceapps/seasat.html   Online_Resource: http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-064A   Online_Resource: http://nasascience.nasa.gov/missions/seasat-1   Online_Resource: http://nsidc.org/data/docs/daac/seasat_platform.gd.html   Group: Platform_Logistics      Launch_Date: 1978-06-27      Launch_Site: Vandenberg Air Force Base, USA      Primary_Sponsor: USA/NASA   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This experiment isdesigned to increase knowledge about gravity-gradient tetherdynamics and the survivability of tethers in space. (Tethers canbe severed by space debris.) The National Reconnaissance Office(NRO) is a sponsor of the TiPS program. While tethers have beentheoretically studied as a means for satellite stabilization,propulsion, and electricity generation for some time, TiPS isamong the first successful tether deployments in space and isthe first experiment designed for long duration.Additional information available athttp://projects.nrl.navy.mil/tips/[Summary provided by U.S. Military]Group: Platform_Details   Entry_ID: TIPS   Group: Platform_Identification      Platform_Category: Earth Observation Satellites      Short_Name: TIPS      Long_Name: Tether Physics and Survivability   End_Group   Group: Synonymous_Platform_Names      Short_Name: TIPS   End_Group   Group: Platform_Associated_Instruments      Short_Name: RIS   End_Group   Group: Orbit      Orbit_Altitude: 1,022 km      Orbit_Inclination: 63.4 deg      Period: 105 min      Orbit_Type: LEO > Low Earth Orbit > Inclined Non-Polar   End_Group   Creation_Date: 2007-11-28   Online_Resource: http://projects.nrl.navy.mil/tips/   Sample_Image: http://code8100.nrl.navy.mil/programs/images/tips2_corner_lg.jpg   Group: Platform_Logistics      Launch_Date: 1996-06-20      Primary_Sponsor: NASA   End_GroupEnd_Group"],"obsolete":false,"matchType":"prefLabel","ontologyType":"ONTOLOGY","@id":"https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/7b9c2b8c-0f57-42bc-ab52-ba3cf542f14e","@type":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","links":{"self":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F7b9c2b8c-0f57-42bc-ab52-ba3cf542f14e","ontology":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD","children":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F7b9c2b8c-0f57-42bc-ab52-ba3cf542f14e/children","parents":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F7b9c2b8c-0f57-42bc-ab52-ba3cf542f14e/parents","descendants":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F7b9c2b8c-0f57-42bc-ab52-ba3cf542f14e/descendants","ancestors":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F7b9c2b8c-0f57-42bc-ab52-ba3cf542f14e/ancestors","instances":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F7b9c2b8c-0f57-42bc-ab52-ba3cf542f14e/instances","tree":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F7b9c2b8c-0f57-42bc-ab52-ba3cf542f14e/tree","notes":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F7b9c2b8c-0f57-42bc-ab52-ba3cf542f14e/notes","mappings":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F7b9c2b8c-0f57-42bc-ab52-ba3cf542f14e/mappings","ui":"http://earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD?p=classes&conceptid=https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F7b9c2b8c-0f57-42bc-ab52-ba3cf542f14e","@context":{"self":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","ontology":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Ontology","children":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","parents":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","descendants":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","ancestors":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","instances":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Instance","tree":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","notes":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Note","mappings":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Mapping","ui":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class"}},"@context":{"@vocab":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/","prefLabel":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel","definition":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition","obsolete":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#deprecated","@language":"en"}},{"prefLabel":"TOPSAT","definition":["TopSat is a micro-satellite designed and built by a QinetiQ-led consortium of British firms. Images from the satellite are provided free of charge to relief agencies responding to disasters anywhere in world.TopSat was designed and built by a consortium of British companies led by QinetiQ, whose role included systems design and technical authority, provision of payload electronics units, project and operations management and data reception. Other consortium members are Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd (SSTL), Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) designed and Infoterra.The satellite is designed to return its data directly to a mobile ground station immediately after collecting an image, allowing far more timely delivery of the information which it collects than standard satellites. The system is specifically designed to meet operational timescales, whether for disaster relief, news-gathering, or other applications where speed of response is vital.TopSat received the Aviation and Space Grand Award – the top award for aerospace technology, from Popular Science, the best selling science and technology magazine in the world. The magazine’s editors concluded that TopSat is an innovation that has the potential to change satellite and space reconnaissance technology.TopSat weighs just 120 kg, but carries an optical camera capable of delivering panchromatic images with a spatial resolution at nadir of 2.8 metres covering a 17x17 km area, and simultaneous three-band multi-spectral images, (red, green, blue), with a resolution of 5.6 metres. This is thought to represent the best resolution per mass of any satellite launched to date. This camera is integrated with an agile micro-satellite platform to permit pitch compensation manoeuvres, allowing imaging of low illumination scenes.TopSat has been in operation since its launch from Plesetsk in Russia on 27th October 2005. The satellite can be reprogrammed in orbit, and the consortium is exploiting this to enhance its performance. In addition to actively pursuing experiments for the MOD and BNSC, the consortium is also seeking new applications to which the technology can be applied. In the future, a constellation of three or four TopSat satellites could image almost any point on the Earth at least once a day, further opening up the potential for quick response imagery which is extremely cost effective to deliver.[Information from QinetiQ Ltd.]Group: Platform_Details   Entry_ID: TOPSAT   Group: Platform_Identification      Platform_Category: Earth Observation Satellites      Short_Name: TOPSAT   End_Group   Group: Platform_Associated_Instruments      Short_Name: CAMERAS   End_Group   Group: Orbit      Orbit_Inclination: 98.1      Period: 98.6      Repeat_Cycle: 4      Perigee: 688.4      Apogee: 714      Orbit_Type: LEO > Low Earth Orbit > Polar Sun-Synchronous   End_Group   Creation_Date: 2008-06-18   Online_Resource: http://www.qinetiq.com/home/defence/defence_solutions/space/topsat.html   Online_Resource: http://earth.esa.int/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=5135   Group: Platform_Logistics      Launch_Date: 2005-10-27      Launch_Site: Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Russia      Primary_Sponsor: QinetiQ Ltd.      Primary_Sponsor: Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd. 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TerraSAR-X is designed to carry out its task for five years, independent of weather conditions and illumination, and reliably provides radar imagery with a resolution of up to 1m and a unique geometric accuracy.Key Technical FeaturesActive phased array X-band SARSingle, dual and quad polarisationSide-looking acquisition geometrySun-synchronous dawn-dusk repeat orbitRepetition rate: 11 days; due to swath overlay, a 2.5 day revisit time time (2 days at 95% probability) to any point on Earth can be achievedOrbit altitude range from 512 km to 530 kmOperational imaging modes:  HighResolution Spotlight: up to 1m resolution, 5 to 10 km x 5 km (width x length)SpotLight: up to 2m resolution, 10 km x 10 km (width x length)StripMap: up to 3m resolution, 30 km x 50 km ( width x length)*ScanSAR: up to 18 m resolution, 100 km x 150 km (width x length)*Group: Platform_Details   Entry_ID: TSX   Group: Platform_Identification      Platform_Category: Earth Observation Satellites      Short_Name: TSX      Long_Name: TerraSAR-X   End_Group   Group: Synonymous_Platform_Names      Short_Name: TSX   End_Group   Group: Platform_Associated_Instruments      Short_Name: SAR   End_Group   Group: Orbit      Orbit_Inclination: 97.44 degrees      Period: 11 Days      Perigee: 514 Km      Orbit_Type: LEO > LOW EARTH ORBIT > POLAR SUN-SYNCHRONOUS   End_Group   Creation_Date: 2007-11-28   Online_Resource: http://www.infoterra.de/terrasar-x-satellite   Online_Resource: http://www.terrasar.de/   Online_Resource: http://www.dlr.de/tsx/start_en.htm   Online_Resource: http://ilrs.gsfc.nasa.gov/satellite_missions/list_of_satellites/tsar_general.html   Group: Platform_Logistics      Launch_Date: 2007-06-15      Launch_Site: BAIKONUR COSMODROME, TYURATAM, RUSSIA      Design_Life: 5 years      Primary_Sponsor: Germany/DLR   End_GroupEnd_Group"],"obsolete":false,"matchType":"prefLabel","ontologyType":"ONTOLOGY","@id":"https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/a5c7a4c7-bbf4-42df-a754-20cb6b98317a","@type":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","links":{"self":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2Fa5c7a4c7-bbf4-42df-a754-20cb6b98317a","ontology":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD","children":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2Fa5c7a4c7-bbf4-42df-a754-20cb6b98317a/children","parents":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2Fa5c7a4c7-bbf4-42df-a754-20cb6b98317a/parents","descendants":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2Fa5c7a4c7-bbf4-42df-a754-20cb6b98317a/descendants","ancestors":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2Fa5c7a4c7-bbf4-42df-a754-20cb6b98317a/ancestors","instances":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2Fa5c7a4c7-bbf4-42df-a754-20cb6b98317a/instances","tree":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2Fa5c7a4c7-bbf4-42df-a754-20cb6b98317a/tree","notes":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2Fa5c7a4c7-bbf4-42df-a754-20cb6b98317a/notes","mappings":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2Fa5c7a4c7-bbf4-42df-a754-20cb6b98317a/mappings","ui":"http://earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD?p=classes&conceptid=https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2Fa5c7a4c7-bbf4-42df-a754-20cb6b98317a","@context":{"self":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","ontology":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Ontology","children":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","parents":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","descendants":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","ancestors":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","instances":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Instance","tree":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","notes":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Note","mappings":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Mapping","ui":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class"}},"@context":{"@vocab":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/","prefLabel":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel","definition":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition","obsolete":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#deprecated","@language":"en"}},{"prefLabel":"Television Infrared Observation Satellite (TIROS)","definition":["The TIROS Program (Television Infrared Observation Satellite) was NASA's first experimental step to determine if satellites could be useful in the study of the Earth. At that time, the effectiveness of satellite observations was still unproven. Since satellites were a new technology, the TIROS Program also tested various design issues for spacecraft: instruments, data and operational parameters. The goal was to improve satellite applications for Earth-bound decisions, such as 'should we evacuate the coast because of the hurricane?'.The TIROS Program's first priority was the development of a meteorological satellite information system. Weather forecasting was deemed the most promising application of space-based observations.TIROS proved extremely successful, providing the first accurate weather forecasts based on data gathered from space. TIROS began continuous coverage of the Earth's weather in 1962, and was used by meteorologists worldwide. The program's success with many instrument types and orbital configurations lead to the development of more sophisticated meteorological observation satellites."],"obsolete":false,"matchType":"prefLabel","ontologyType":"ONTOLOGY","@id":"https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/75b34f33-a790-4164-9cc0-02a997279e61","@type":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","links":{"self":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F75b34f33-a790-4164-9cc0-02a997279e61","ontology":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD","children":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F75b34f33-a790-4164-9cc0-02a997279e61/children","parents":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F75b34f33-a790-4164-9cc0-02a997279e61/parents","descendants":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F75b34f33-a790-4164-9cc0-02a997279e61/descendants","ancestors":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F75b34f33-a790-4164-9cc0-02a997279e61/ancestors","instances":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F75b34f33-a790-4164-9cc0-02a997279e61/instances","tree":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F75b34f33-a790-4164-9cc0-02a997279e61/tree","notes":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F75b34f33-a790-4164-9cc0-02a997279e61/notes","mappings":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F75b34f33-a790-4164-9cc0-02a997279e61/mappings","ui":"http://earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD?p=classes&conceptid=https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F75b34f33-a790-4164-9cc0-02a997279e61","@context":{"self":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","ontology":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Ontology","children":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","parents":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","descendants":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","ancestors":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","instances":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Instance","tree":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","notes":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Note","mappings":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Mapping","ui":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class"}},"@context":{"@vocab":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/","prefLabel":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel","definition":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition","obsolete":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#deprecated","@language":"en"}},{"prefLabel":"Indian National Satellite (INSAT)","definition":["The Indian National Satellite (INSAT) system is one of the largest domestic communication satellite systems in Asia-Pacific region with nine operational communication satellites placed in Geo-stationary orbit. Established in 1983 with commissioning of INSAT-1B, it initiated a major revolution in India’s communications sector and sustained the same later. GSAT-17 joins the constellation of INSAT System consisting 15 operational satellites, namely - INSAT-3A, 3C, 4A, 4B, 4CR and GSAT-6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16 and 18.The INSAT system with more than 200 transponders in the C, Extended C and Ku-bands provides services to telecommunications, television broadcasting, satellite newsgathering, societal applications, weather forecasting, disaster warning and Search and Rescue operations."],"obsolete":false,"matchType":"prefLabel","ontologyType":"ONTOLOGY","@id":"https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/949ab40f-3954-4c81-a063-275d0e13a14e","@type":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","links":{"self":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F949ab40f-3954-4c81-a063-275d0e13a14e","ontology":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD","children":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F949ab40f-3954-4c81-a063-275d0e13a14e/children","parents":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F949ab40f-3954-4c81-a063-275d0e13a14e/parents","descendants":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F949ab40f-3954-4c81-a063-275d0e13a14e/descendants","ancestors":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F949ab40f-3954-4c81-a063-275d0e13a14e/ancestors","instances":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F949ab40f-3954-4c81-a063-275d0e13a14e/instances","tree":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F949ab40f-3954-4c81-a063-275d0e13a14e/tree","notes":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F949ab40f-3954-4c81-a063-275d0e13a14e/notes","mappings":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F949ab40f-3954-4c81-a063-275d0e13a14e/mappings","ui":"http://earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD?p=classes&conceptid=https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F949ab40f-3954-4c81-a063-275d0e13a14e","@context":{"self":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","ontology":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Ontology","children":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","parents":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","descendants":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","ancestors":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","instances":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Instance","tree":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","notes":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Note","mappings":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Mapping","ui":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class"}},"@context":{"@vocab":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/","prefLabel":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel","definition":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition","obsolete":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#deprecated","@language":"en"}},{"prefLabel":"Satellite-Based Augmentation System (SBAS)","definition":["SBAS is a satellite-based augmentation system that supports wide-area or reginal augmentation through the use of additional satellite broadcast messages. There are several SBAS systems around the world, such as WAAS in the U.S. and EGNOS in Europe."],"obsolete":false,"matchType":"prefLabel","ontologyType":"ONTOLOGY","@id":"https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/612454e6-06ce-4bd3-b4f2-6db85f49a013","@type":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","links":{"self":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F612454e6-06ce-4bd3-b4f2-6db85f49a013","ontology":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD","children":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F612454e6-06ce-4bd3-b4f2-6db85f49a013/children","parents":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F612454e6-06ce-4bd3-b4f2-6db85f49a013/parents","descendants":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F612454e6-06ce-4bd3-b4f2-6db85f49a013/descendants","ancestors":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F612454e6-06ce-4bd3-b4f2-6db85f49a013/ancestors","instances":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F612454e6-06ce-4bd3-b4f2-6db85f49a013/instances","tree":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F612454e6-06ce-4bd3-b4f2-6db85f49a013/tree","notes":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F612454e6-06ce-4bd3-b4f2-6db85f49a013/notes","mappings":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F612454e6-06ce-4bd3-b4f2-6db85f49a013/mappings","ui":"http://earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD?p=classes&conceptid=https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2F612454e6-06ce-4bd3-b4f2-6db85f49a013","@context":{"self":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","ontology":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Ontology","children":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","parents":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","descendants":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","ancestors":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","instances":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Instance","tree":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","notes":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Note","mappings":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Mapping","ui":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class"}},"@context":{"@vocab":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/","prefLabel":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel","definition":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition","obsolete":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#deprecated","@language":"en"}},{"prefLabel":"FAST","definition":["The Fast Auroral SnapshoT Explorer (FAST), the second mission in NASA's SmallExplorer Satellite Program (SMEX), is a satellite designed to study Earth'saurora. This highly successful spacecraft has helped scientists answerfundamental questions about the causes and makeup of the aurora. FAST was launched on August 21, 1996 from a Pegasus rocket into a highlyelliptical orbit. It crosses Earth's auroral zones (donut shaped regionscentered on the poles) four times each orbit, and only collects high-resolutiondata ('snapshots') while in those zones. It ventures high into the chargedparticle environment of the aurora to measure the electric and magnetic fields,plasma waves, energetic electrons and ions, ion mass composition, and thermalplasma density and temperature.The FAST instrument set consists of sixteen electrostatic analyzers, fourelectric field langmuir probes suspended on 30 m wire booms, two electric fieldlangmuir probes on 3 m extendible booms, searchcoil and fluxgate magnetometersand a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The science investigation makesextremely temporal and spatial resolution measurements of the auroral plasma atapogee altitude. The instrument hardware consists of the sensor assemblies andan instrument data processor. The instrument electronics include a 32-bit dataprocessing unit that performs the science data processing and recording in aone gigabit, solid-state memory. The stored data are transferred to the groundat one of three selectable high data rates of 900 Kbps, 1.5 Mbps or 2.25 Mbps.The instruments weigh 51 kg; the total observatory mass is 191 kg. The FASTmission is in a 351 x 4175 km orbit with an 83? inclination.The FAST observatory is a 12 rpm, spin-stabilized spacecraft with its spin axisoriented parallel to the orbit axis. Spin rate and spin-axis orientation aremaintained by two magnetic torquer coils, one spinning Sun sensor, one horizoncrossing indicator and a spacecraft magnetometer. The Attitude Control System(ACS) provides closed-loop spin-rate control. Spin-axis precession is performedopen loop and is closed via ground commands. After computation on the ground,attitude knowledge is accurate to within one degree.The body-mounted solar array contains 5.6 m2 of solar cells that can distribute52 W of orbit average power to the spacecraft and instruments. The orbitaverage power consumption of the spacecraft hardware is 33 W. The instrumentsconsume 19 W orbit average power, 39 W when operating. Instruments arefrequently powered off in order to maintain a positive energy balance.The data system for the FAST mission consists of dual 8085, 8-bit spacecraftcomputers. The spacecraft computers perform health and safety functions, powerdistribution, data encoding/decoding and launch vehicle interface. Amulti-element micropatch antenna mounted on a boom above the spacecraftsupports ground communications. Commands are uplinked at 2 Kbps. Health andsafety data is telemetered to the ground at 4 Kbps. A Transportable OrbitalTracking Station (TOTS) was placed in Alaska to collect real-time sciencetelemetry while the spacecraft is passing through the northern aurora. TOTS ishighly automated and portable; it has an 8 m antenna with 200 W of uplink powerand can be packed for shipment in three ISO containers. The FAST instruments consist of:Electric Field Experiment: The electric field experiment is composed of threeorthogonal boom pairs. Spherical sensors deployed on radial wire and axialstacer booms will provide information on the plasma density and electrontemperature.Magnetic Field Experiment: The magnetic field experiment consists of twomagnetometers mounted 180? apart on deployable graphite epoxy booms. The searchcoil magnetometer uses a three-axis sensor system to provide magnetic fielddata over the frequency range of 10 Hz to 2.5 kHz. The flux gate magnetometeris a three-axis system using high, stable, low noise, ring core sensors toprovide magnetic field information for DC to 100 Hz.Time-of-Flight Energy Angle Mass Spectrograph (TEAMS): The TEAMS instrument isa high sensitivity, mass-resolving spectrometer that measures fullthree-dimension distribution functions of the major ion species with one spinof the spacecraft. The TEAMS experiment covers the core of all plasmadistributions of importance in the auroral region.Electrostatic Analyzers (ESA): Sixteen ESAs configured in four stacks will beused for both electron and ion measurements. The four stacks are placed aroundthe spacecraft such that the entire package is provided a full 360? field ofview. 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GRACE-FO is a successor to the original GRACE mission, which began orbiting Earth on March 17, 2002. GRACE-FO will carry on the extremely successful work of its predecessor while testing a new technology designed to dramatically improve the already remarkable precision of its measurement system.GRACE-FO, launched in May 2018, will continue the work of tracking Earth's water movement to monitor changes in underground water storage, the amount of water in large lakes and rivers, soil moisture, ice sheets and glaciers, and sea level caused by the addition of water to the ocean. 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High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (HESSI) mission consists of a singlespin-stabilized spacecraft in a low-altitude orbit inclined 38 degrees to theEarth's equator. The only instrument on board is an imaging spectrometer withthe ability to obtain high fidelity color movies of solar flares in X rays andgamma rays. It uses two new complementary technologies: fine grids to modulatethe solar radiation, and germanium detectors to measure the energy of eachphoton very precisely. The HESSI was renamed the Reuven Ramaty High EnergySolar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI). RHESSI is a NASA Small Explorer satelliteand was launched February 5, 2002.RHESSI's imaging capability is achieved with fine tungsten and/or molybdenumgrids that modulate the solar X-ray flux as the spacecraft rotates at ~ 15 rpm.Up to 20 detailed images can be obtained per second. This is sufficient totrack the electrons as they travel from their acceleration site, believed to bein the solar corona, and slow down on their way to the lower solar atmosphere.The high-resolution spectroscopy is achieved with 9 cooled germanium crystalsthat detect the X-ray and gamma-ray photons transmitted through the grids overthe broad energy range of 3 keV to 20 MeV. Their fine energy resolution ofabout 1 keV is more than sufficient to reveal the detailed features of theX-ray and gamma-ray spectra, clues to the nature of the electron and ionacceleration processes. For more information, see;http://hesperia.gsfc.nasa.gov/hessi/index.htmlGroup: Platform_Details   Entry_ID: RHESSI   Group: Platform_Identification      Platform_Category: Solar/Space Observation Satellites      Short_Name: RHESSI      Long_Name: Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager   End_Group   Group: Synonymous_Platform_Names      Short_Name: HESSI      Short_Name: Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager      Short_Name: SMEX/RHESSI      Short_Name: Small Explorer/RHESSI      Short_Name: 27370      Short_Name: 2002-004A   End_Group   Group: Platform_Associated_Instruments      Short_Name: HESSI SPECTROMETER      Short_Name: HESSI IMAGER   End_Group   Group: Orbit      Orbit_Altitude: 600 km      Orbit_Inclination: 38 degrees      Period: 96.5 m      Perigee: 579 km      Apogee: 607 km      Orbit_Type: LEO > Low Earth Orbit > Polar Sun-Synchronous   End_Group   Online_Resource: http://hesperia.gsfc.nasa.gov/hessi/   Sample_Image: http://hesperia.gsfc.nasa.gov/hessi/images/hessicraft.gif   Group: Platform_Logistics      Launch_Date: 2002-02-05      Launch_Site: Cape Canaveral/Kennedy Space Center, USA      Design_Life: 2 years      Primary_Sponsor: NASA/GSFC   End_GroupEnd_Group"],"obsolete":false,"matchType":"prefLabel","ontologyType":"ONTOLOGY","@id":"https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/ac6d0fd3-a559-4f59-b862-51addf61944a","@type":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","links":{"self":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2Fac6d0fd3-a559-4f59-b862-51addf61944a","ontology":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD","children":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2Fac6d0fd3-a559-4f59-b862-51addf61944a/children","parents":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2Fac6d0fd3-a559-4f59-b862-51addf61944a/parents","descendants":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2Fac6d0fd3-a559-4f59-b862-51addf61944a/descendants","ancestors":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2Fac6d0fd3-a559-4f59-b862-51addf61944a/ancestors","instances":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2Fac6d0fd3-a559-4f59-b862-51addf61944a/instances","tree":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2Fac6d0fd3-a559-4f59-b862-51addf61944a/tree","notes":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2Fac6d0fd3-a559-4f59-b862-51addf61944a/notes","mappings":"https://data.earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD/classes/https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2Fac6d0fd3-a559-4f59-b862-51addf61944a/mappings","ui":"http://earthportal.eu/ontologies/GCMD?p=classes&conceptid=https%3A%2F%2Fgcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov%2Fkms%2Fconcept%2Fac6d0fd3-a559-4f59-b862-51addf61944a","@context":{"self":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","ontology":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Ontology","children":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","parents":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","descendants":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","ancestors":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","instances":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Instance","tree":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","notes":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Note","mappings":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/Mapping","ui":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class"}},"@context":{"@vocab":"http://data.bioontology.org/metadata/","prefLabel":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel","definition":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition","obsolete":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#deprecated","@language":"en"}},{"prefLabel":"BLITS","definition":["BLITS is a retroreflector demonstration nanosatellite, a geodetic sphere, which was designed and manufactured by the FSUE-IPIE (Federal State Unitary Enterprise - Institute for Precision Engineering) R&D center (Moscow, Russia), under a 2006 agreement between Roskosmos and ILRS (International Laser Ranging Service). 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